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What is a solid-state battery? The traditional lithium-ion battery includes four major components: positive electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte, and separator. A solid-state battery replaces the electrolyte with a solid electrolyte. Compared with traditional lithium-ion batteries, the key difference of solid-state batteries lies in that the electrolyte has changed from liquid to solid, with both safety and high energy density. Solid-state electrolyte batteries are the ultimate form of lithium and sodium batteries, which can completely solve safety issues and are undoubtedly the protagonist in the second half of the new energy market. The solid-state battery industry chain is roughly similar to that of liquid lithium batteries. The upstream includes raw materials, mining, machinery and equipment, and basic materials. The main difference between the two lies in the types of negative electrode materials and electrolytes. The positive electrode materials are almost the same. If it is fully developed into a full solid-state battery, the separator will also be completely replaced. The midstream of the industry chain is the processing and preparation process of battery packs, and the downstream application areas of the industry chain include new energy vehicles, energy storage systems, consumer electronics, etc. The advantages of solid-state batteries are: (1) Solid-state electrolytes are used to replace liquid electrolytes and separators. Solid-state electrolytes have a very high ignition point, which improves the thermal stability of the battery; (2) The voltage platform of solid-state batteries is 5V, higher than the 4.3V of liquid batteries, which can match high-voltage electrode materials, and the battery energy density and specific capacity are better than liquid batteries; (3) Solid-state electrolytes are not fluid, so there is no leakage, simplifying the battery pack design, reducing the weight and volume of the battery, and the energy density is expected to exceed 300Wh/kg. Solid-state electrolyte Solid-state electrolyte is the core component of solid-state lithium-ion batteries, which can serve as the separator and electrolyte of the battery at the same time. The core role of the electrolyte is to transmit Li+ between the positive and negative electrodes. Ideal solid-state electrolytes should have high ionic conductivity, low interface impedance, stable structure, high safety, high mechanical strength, and low price. Currently, based on different electrolytes, it can be mainly divided into polymer solid-state electrolytes and inorganic solid-state electrolytes. The representative system of the former is PEO polyethylene oxide; the latter is the oxide, sulfide, and halide systems. Cathode materials The main cathode materials for solid-state batteries are: Lithium Cobalt Oxide, Lithium Iron Phosphate, Lithium Nickel Cobalt Oxide, and Lithium Cobalt Aluminum Oxide. （1）Lithium Cobalt Oxide: A commonly used cathode material in lithium-ion ba...

The Dragon Boat Festival, also known as the Duanwu Festival, is a significant holiday in China that is celebrated with much enthusiasm and reverence. It falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, marking the arrival of summer and the beginning of the rice planting season. Beyond its agricultural significance, the festival is deeply rooted in history, legend, and cultural traditions. The festival is most famous for its connection to the ancient Chinese poet Qu Yuan. A loyal minister during the Warring States period, Qu Yuan was exiled by the corrupt court. Heartbroken and disappointed, he threw himself into the Miluo River. To prevent the fish from eating his body, the local people rowed boats and threw rice dumplings into the river. This tradition has evolved into the dragon boat races and the eating of zongzi (glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves) that are synonymous with the Dragon Boat Festival today. The dragon boat races are a thrilling spectacle. Long, colorful boats, adorned with elaborate dragon heads and tails, are paddled by teams of muscular oarsmen. The competition is fierce, with teams striving to be the first to cross the finish line. The crowds cheer loudly, adding to the festive atmosphere. Zongzi, on the other hand, are a delicious treat enjoyed by people of all ages. The rice is wrapped in bamboo leaves and often flavored with ingredients like red bean paste, meat, or eggs. The wrapping process itself is an art form, requiring skill and precision. Once prepared, the zongzi are steamed or boiled until they are soft and sticky. In addition to dragon boat races and zongzi, the Dragon Boat Festival is also a time for family reunions and cultural exchanges. People gather together to share meals, sing songs, and tell stories about the festival's origins and traditions. It is a time to appreciate the beauty of nature and celebrate the rich cultural heritage of China. The Dragon Boat Festival is not just a holiday; it is a celebration of tradition, culture, and community. It reminds us of our history and roots while bringing people together in a spirit of joy and camaraderie. As the festival continues to be celebrated across the globe, it serves as a bridge between cultures, connecting people from different backgrounds through the shared traditions and values that underlie this ancient holiday.Every year on this day, the Chinese people will have a holiday to celebrate，Many companies also prepare gifts for their employees, and this year, TOB NEW ENERGY has chosen to prepare fruit gift boxes.

Generally speaking, the dry anode material preparation process can be broadly divided into the following steps: mixing, wetting, dispersing, and stabilizing, with the wetting stage typically requiring a slower rotation speed. The dispersing stage, however, (kneading refers to the operation of using mechanical stirring to uniformly mix paste-like, viscous, and plastic materials, including both dispersion and mixing of the materials. Simply put, stirring highly viscous materials can also be referred to as kneading, such as kneading in toothpaste. The wetting process generally does not belong to the kneading process, though this may vary depending on different companies' understanding.) often requires a certain shear force and high-speed rotation, with a linear speed exceeding 20m/s. The main purpose of lithium-ion battery slurry dispersion is to uniformly disperse active materials, conductive agents, adhesives, etc. in a solvent in a certain mass ratio to form a stable slurry with a certain viscosity, which is used for coating the electrode sheet. The technological goal of lithium-ion battery slurry making is to prepare for the electrode sheet production. The ideal slurry requirements for electrode sheets are: (i) the active material particles are finely and uniformly dispersed without agglomeration, the conductive agent particles form a thin layer and are dispersed to form a conductive network, and the maximum amount of active material particles are interlocked and connected on the current collector; (ii) the active material particles are preferably small to ensure that the battery has a high current density. Kneading process Kneading principle: The high-speed rotating stirring paddle uses the friction force generated by the surface inclined at a certain angle and the material to make the material move tangentially along the paddle surface. At the same time, due to the centrifugal force, the material is thrown to the inner wall of the mixing chamber and rises along the wall. When it rises to a certain height, it falls back to the center of the impeller due to gravity, and then is thrown up again. The combination of this upward movement and tangential movement makes the material actually in a continuous spiral motion state. Due to the high rotation speed of the paddle and the fast movement speed of the material, the particles moving quickly collide and rub against each other, so that the particles or agglomerated clumps are broken, and the temperature of the material also increases accordingly, which is conducive to the adsorption of various additives by the powder. Kneading operation generally has the following characteristics: Kneading operation is often accompanied by heating or cooling process. On one hand, the unit volume of the kneader needs to have sufficient heat transfer surface. On the other hand, the moving parts should be able to stably and quickly scrape off the material adhered to the heat transfer surface and send it back to the high...

Prismatic cell Pouch cell Cylindrical cell The aluminium housing is sturdy Safe and good cycle life The shell of the aluminum-plastic film material is prone to thermal failure, but it is not easy to explode The production process technology is mature The battery cells are packaged in a flexible group The single cell has a large capacity The number of modules is small Low monitoring and management risk It is easy to cause flatulence, and the battery cell is bulging and deformed After a long period of use, the battery life falls off a cliff The number of cells in the whole package is large Monitoring and management is difficult The packaging and manufacturing process is simple High reliability The pouch shell is weak Protection is required at the module level The consistency of the battery cell is average The cell is consistent The cell is consistent The energy density is average High energy density The monomer has a high energy density 1.Cylindrical batteries:With a long development history, they are the most technologically mature. Advantages: Mature technology leads to lower costs, stability and durability, high energy density per cell, and good consistency between cells. Disadvantages: Limited room for improvement in energy density, high requirements for BMS when combined in large quantities. Common 18650 batteries are divided into lithium-ion batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries. Lithium-ion batteries have a nominal voltage of 3.7V and a charging cut-off voltage of 4.2V. Lithium iron phosphate batteries have a nominal voltage of 3.2V and a charging cut-off voltage of 3.6V. Their capacity usually ranges from 1200mAh to 3350mAh, with a common capacity of 2200mAh to 2600mAh. These batteries are characterized by high capacity, high output voltage, good charge-discharge cycle performance, stable output voltage, ability to discharge large currents, stable electrochemical performance, safe usage, a wide range of operating temperatures, and environmental friendliness. The earliest cylindrical lithium battery, the 18650 lithium battery, was invented by Japan's SONY company in 1992. Due to the long history of the 18650 cylindrical lithium battery, its market popularity is very high. The structure of a typical cylindrical battery includes: positive electrode cap, safety valve, PTC element, current cutoff mechanism, gasket, positive electrode, negative electrode, separator, and shell. Cylindrical lithium batteries adopt a relatively mature winding process, with high automation, stable product quality, and relatively low cost. It also has many models, such as the commonly seen 14650, 17490, 18650, 21700, 26650, etc. Taking 18650 as an example, "18" refers to the diameter of the battery cell being 18mm, "65" represents the height of 65mm, and "0" stands for its cylindrical shape. Other models follow the same pattern. It is widely used in solar lights, lawn lights, backup energy sources, electric tools, and toy models. 2.Prismatic battery: Advantag...

During the process of rolling and pressing the anode electrode materials, the problem of sticking to the roller is often encountered. The sticking of the anode electrode materials to the roller not only wastes working hours and affects work efficiency, but also may render the electrode unusable, resulting in economic losses. Therefore, it is very important for lithium battery production and manufacturing to analyze the reasons for the sticking of the anode electrode to the roller and understand the problems. Researchers have summarized and analyzed the reasons for the sticking of anode electrode materials to the roller in practice, mainly including eight aspects. Let's take a look at them below. 1.       The surface of the roller axis of the rolling mill is not cleaned properly. Because the surface of the roller axis is coated with a protective layer when the equipment is not in use, it needs to be cleaned before use. If the surface of the roller axis is not clean when rolling the anode electrode sheets, it is easy to stick to the roller. Some lithium battery companies separate and use equipment for different systems and materials of positive (oil-based) and anode (water-based) electrodes to avoid mutual pollution. However, there are also special cases where positive and anode electrode sheets share the same rolling mill, and even the coating machine is shared by both. Frequent replacement of positive and anode electrode sheets can lead to cross-contamination and easy sticking to the roller. 2.       The anode electrode sheets are not fully dried. If the oven temperature is not high enough or the running speed is too fast during coating, the electrode sheets may not reach the drying standard. When the sheets are being rolled, if they still contain a certain amount of moisture, the binder cannot fully exert its ability to bond various substances. The adhesion between the anode electrode graphite, copper foil, and binder is weak, and it is easy for the sheets to stick to the roller during the deformation process of rolling. A piece of electrode sheet can be taken for weighing and then placed in the oven for a period of time for baking and then weighed again. The difference in weight can be used to determine whether the drying of the electrode sheets during coating is satisfactory. 3.       The temperature of the oven is too high, and the negative electrode is too dry. If the baking temperature is too high, the solvent will evaporate too fast, and the binder will volatilize and adhere to the surface of the electrode, forming a micro-structure of the electrode with a stepwise increase in binder concentration from the foil to the surface of the electrode. During rolling, the surface negative electrode adhesion force is greater than the adhesion force between the foil and the negative electrode material, which is prone to the phenomenon of sticking to the roller, ...

During the manufacturing process of lithium-ion batteries, there are three crucial items that must be strictly controlled: dust, metal particles, and moisture. If dust and metal particles are not properly controlled, it will directly lead to safety accidents such as internal short circuits and fires in the battery. If moisture is not effectively controlled, it will also cause significant harm to battery performance and lead to serious quality accidents! Therefore, it is crucial to strictly control the water content of main materials such as electrodes, separators, and electrolytes during the manufacturing process. There must be no relaxation and constant vigilance! The following is a detailed explanation from three aspects: the harm of moisture to lithium batteries, the source of moisture during the manufacturing process, and the control of moisture during the manufacturing process. 1.  The harm of moisture to lithium batteries (1) Battery swelling and leakage: If there is excessive moisture in lithium-ion batteries, it reacts chemically with the lithium salt in the electrolyte, generating HF: H2O + LiPF6 → POF3 + LiF + 2HF Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is a highly corrosive acid that can cause significant damage to battery performance: HF corrodes the metal components, battery shell, and sealing within the battery, eventually leading to cracks, ruptures, and leakage. HF also destroys the SEI (Solid-Electrolyte-Interface) film inside the battery by reacting with its main components: ROCO2Li + HF → ROCO2H + LiF Li2CO3 + 2HF → H2CO3 + 2LiF Eventually, LiF precipitates form inside the battery, causing irreversible chemical reactions in the negative electrode that consume active lithium ions, thereby reducing the battery's energy capacity. When there is a sufficient amount of moisture, more gas is generated, increasing the internal pressure of the battery. This can lead to deformation, swelling, and even leakage, posing a safety risk. Many instances of battery swelling and cover popping encountered in mobile phones or digital electronic products on the market are often attributed to high moisture content and gas generation inside the lithium battery.   (2) Increased battery internal resistance: Battery internal resistance is one of the most critical performance parameters, serving as a primary indicator of the ease with which ions and electrons can travel within the battery. It directly affects the battery's cycle life and operating state. A lower internal resistance means less voltage is consumed during discharge, resulting in higher energy output. An increase in moisture content can lead to the formation of POF3 and LiF precipitates on the surface of the SEI film (Solid-Electrolyte-Interface). This degrades the density and uniformity of the SEI film, gradually increasing the battery's internal resistance and decreasing its discharge capacity.   (3) Shortened cycle life: Excessive moisture can damage the SEI film, leading to a gradual increa...

The side voltage of the battery specifically refers to the voltage of the aluminum layer between the cathode tab and the aluminum laminated film of the polymer battery. The side voltage of the polymer lithium battery refers to: 1.The voltage of the aluminum layer between the cathode tab and the aluminum laminated film; 2. The voltage of the aluminum layer between the anode tab and the aluminum laminated film. In theory, the aluminum layer between the cathode tab and the aluminum laminated film is insulated, which means that their voltage should be 0. In fact, during the processing of the aluminum laminated film, the inner PP layer may be locally damaged, resulting in local conduction (including electronic channels and ionic channels) between them, forming a micro-battery and thus a potential difference (voltage). The side voltage standards vary among manufacturers, but most of the industry sets it below 1.0V. The standard of voltage is based on the dissolution potential of aluminum-lithium alloy Side voltage testing: Side voltage testing is primarily used to inspect the sealing effect of lithium battery packaging films and detect short circuits between the tab and the aluminum laminated film of the packaging film. Short circuits can cause corrosion of the aluminum laminated film, electrolyte leakage, gas swelling, low voltage, and a series of other issues, posing safety hazards. The side voltage of lithium polymer batteries specifically refers to the voltage across the aluminum layer between the positive tab and the aluminum-laminated film of a polymer lithium battery. In theory, the aluminum layer between the positive terminal and the aluminum-laminated film should be insulated, meaning that their voltage should be zero. However, during the processing of the aluminum-laminated film, the inner PP layer can suffer from localized damage, resulting in partial conduction (including both electronic and ionic channels) between them. This creates a micro-battery, leading to a potential difference (voltage). The side voltage standards vary across manufacturers, but the industry generally sets it below 1.0V. The basis for this voltage standard is derived from the dissolution potential of the aluminum-lithium alloy. The potential difference between the positive tab and the aluminum-laminated shell is used to check if there are electronic channels between the negative tab and the aluminum-laminated film. If there are electronic channels between the negative tab and the aluminum-laminated film, and the inner PP layer of the aluminum-laminated film is damaged, corrosion may occur. One of the reasons for gas swelling: packaging corrosion. Gas swelling can be quite troublesome. Without effective detection methods, it's difficult to control defective products within the company and prevent them from reaching customers. The issue may manifest months later as gas swelling, leading to returns. In such cases, the aluminum-laminated film of the battery cell has alrea...